The prophetic significance of the feasts of Leviticus 23.
Structurally, the first four feasts are linked together, and the last three feasts are also linked — and there is a separation of time between these two groups of feasts.
The group of the first four feasts relate to the work of Jesus in His first coming, of His earthly ministry.
The feast of Passover clearly presents Jesus as our Passover (1 Corinthians 5:7), the Lamb of God who was sacrificed, and whose blood was received and applied, so the wrath of God would pass us over.
The feast of Unleavened Bread relates time of Jesus’ burial, after His perfect, sinless sacrifice on the cross, during which He was received by God the Father as holy and complete (the Holy One who would not see corruption, Acts 2:27), perfectly accomplishing our salvation.
We may regard the burial (or actually, entombment) of Jesus as a small thing in God’s redemptive plan; but it was an essential part of Paul’s gospel: For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and that He was buried, and that He rose again the third day according to the Scriptures. (1 Corinthians 15:3–4)
The feast of First Fruits relates to the resurrection of Jesus, who was the first human to receive resurrection; He is the firstborn from the dead (Colossians 1:18) and has become the First Fruits of those who have fallen asleep … Christ the First Fruits, after wards those who are Christ’s at His coming. (1 Corinthians 15:20, 23)
The feast of Pentecost obviously is connected with the birth of the Church and the “harvest” resulting (Acts 2); significantly, in the ceremony at the feast of Pentecost, two leavened loaves of bread are waved as a holy offering to God, speaking of the bringing of Gentiles into the church. The Church (Jew Gentile)represented by Leaven for she contains sin.
Between the first set of four feasts and the second set of three feasts, there is a significant time gap — almost four months, which, significantly, was a time of harvest in Israel; even as our current age is a time of harvest for the church, until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in. (Romans 11:25)
The second group of the last three feasts relate to events connected with the second coming of Jesus.
The feast of Trumpets speaks of the ultimate assembly of God’s people at the sound of a trumpet (1 Thessalonians 4:16–17), and of the gathering of Israel for the special purpose God has for them in the last days.
The Day of Atonement not only speaks of the ultimate, perfect atonement Jesus offered on our behalf, but also of the affliction — and salvation — Israel will see during the Great Tribulation.
It will truly be a time when the soul of Israel is afflicted, but for their ultimate salvation; as Jeremiah 30:7 says regarding that period: Alas! For that day is great, so that none is like it, and it is the time of Jacob’s trouble, but he shall be saved out of it
The feast of Tabernacles speaks of the millennial rest of comfort of God for Israel and all of God’s people; it is all about peace and rest, from beginning to end.
Tabernacles is specifically said to be celebrated during the millennium (Zechariah 14:16–19). Significantly, there is good evidence that each of the four feasts relevant to the first coming of Jesus will see their prophetic fulfillment on the exact day of the feast.